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Practical C++ Programming Copyright 2003 O'Reilly and Associates Page1

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Make programming easier. A single high level language could ... The source file is in the C++ language (high level code) while the object ...

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Practical C++ Programming Copyright 2003 O'Reilly and Associates Page1Page 1Practical C++ ProgrammingCopyright 2003 O'Reilly and AssociatesPage1Chapter 2The Basics ofProgrammingPage 2Practical C++ ProgrammingCopyright 2003 O'Reilly and AssociatesPage2What is a program?A program is a set of instructions that a computer or someone elsefollows. We have programs in English. But English is a lousy language whenit comes to writing exact instructions. The language is full ofambiguity and imprecision. Grace Hopper the grand old lady ofcomputing once commented on the instructions she found on a bottleof shampoo:Wash Rinse RepeatShe tried to follow the directions but she ran out of shampoo. (WashRinseRepeat. WashRinseRepeat. WashRinseRepeat...)Page 3Practical C++ ProgrammingCopyright 2003 O'Reilly and AssociatesPage3Machine and AssemblyLanguageWhen computers cost millions and programmers cost $15000 a year people programed in machine language:1010 11110011 01110111 0110.. and so for several hundred instructionsLater they devised a translator called an assembler so they could program inassembly language.ProgramTranslationMOV A47 1010 1111ADD AB0011 0111HALT 0111 0110.. and so for several hundred instructionsPage 4Practical C++ ProgrammingCopyright 2003 O'Reilly and AssociatesPage4What an assembler doesNote: The first programmer who wrote a program toassemble code was chewed out because "How dareyou even think of using such an expensive machinefor a mere 'clerical' task."Page 5Practical C++ ProgrammingCopyright 2003 O'Reilly and AssociatesPage5High Level LanguageHigh level languages were developed to:Make programming easier. A single high level language couldgenerate many assembly instructions.For example:generates:MOVE D0 HEIGHTMOVE D1 WIDTHMUL D0D1MOVE AREAD0Make programming machine independent. The idea was to hide thedetails of the machine from the programmer.Allow the programmer to program in a language that was morenatural to him.Page 6Practical C++ Programmin ...

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