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Programming DSPs using C: efficiency and portability trade-offs

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... is of less interest, the trend is that control code is written in C and time-critical inner loops are coded in assembly. In the microcontroller market, C gained favour over assembly-level programming ...

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19 Embedded Systems MAY 2000 BY GERARD VINK DSP DEVELOPMENT T oday most DSP software used in hand-held consumer applications      is written in assembly. In other DSP application areas where power consumption and the applications footprint is of less interest, the trend is that control code is written in C and time-critical inner loops are coded in assembly. In the microcontroller market, C gained favour over assembly-level programming          for well-known reasons. It offered reduced development time, portability and reuse of application code and reduced maintenance cost. The trade-offs were a limited penalty on code size and run-time performance. As the complexity and size of DSP applications both continue to increase, the same reasons that motivated the move from assembly to C for microcontroller applications         now apply to DSP. There is, however, one major problem. Standard C, as defined in C9X, is neither designed nor suited to implement DSP applications. DSPs use many hardware architectural features to optimise system performance and cost. Examples in- clude: * Support of multiple on-chip and off-chip address spaces * Special address modification types to implement circular buffers and optimise array indexing for FFT transformations * Fixed-point arithmetic * Accumulators with extended precision     and saturation logic Standard C supports none of the above listed features. DSP C compiler suppliers use two fundamentally different    approaches to give the C programmer    access to these hardware features. One group supports an extensive set of intrinsic1functions and pragmas2. The other group introduces C-language extensions          such as memory space qualifiers, array and pointer qualifiers ...

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