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Questions and Answers: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza

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Questions and Answers: Highly Pathogenic Avian InfluenzaPage 1Questions andAnswers: HighlyPathogenic AvianInfluenzaQ. What is highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI)?A. Worldwide there are many strains of avianinfluenza (AI) virus that can cause varying amountsof clinical illness in poultry. HPAI is an extremelyinfectious and fatal form of the disease that onceestablished can spread rapidly from flock to flock.Q. How is it spread?A. Exposure of poultry to migratory waterfowl andthe international movement of poultry poultry equipment and people pose risks for introducingHPAI into U.S. poultry. Once introduced the diseasecan be spread from bird to bird by direct contact.HPAI viruses can also be spread by manure equipment vehicles egg flats crates and peoplewhose clothing or shoes have come in contact withthe virus. HPAI viruses can remain viable at moderate temperatures for long periods in the environment and can survive indefinitely in frozenmaterial. One gram of contaminated manure cancontain enough virus to infect one million birds.Q. Do we have HPAI in the United States?A. No we do not.Q. What is the difference between HPAI and lowpathogenic avian influenza?A. AI viruses can be classified into low pathogenicand highly pathogenic forms based on the severity ofthe illness they cause. Most AI virus strains are lowpathogenic and typically cause few or no clinicalsigns in infected birds.Q. What are the signs of HPAI?A. The clinical signs of birds affected with HPAI areone or more of the following: Sudden death without clinical signs Lack of energy and appetite Decreased egg production Softshelled or misshapen eggs Swelling of the head eyelids comb wattles and hocks Purple discoloration of the wattles combs and legs Nasal discharge Coughing sneezing Lack of coordination DiarrheaQ. What is the threat to human health?A. In some instances strains of HPAI viruses can beinfectious to people. Since midDecember 2003 agrowing number of Asian countries have reportedoutbreak ...

Source: www.aphis.usda.gov

 

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