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Towards a molecular understanding of hair loss and its treatment

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these conditions. Towards a molecular understanding. of hair loss and its treatment. George Cotsarelis and Sarah E.Millar ...

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Towards a molecular understanding of hair loss and its treatmentPage 1TRENDS in Molecular Medicine Vol.7 No.7 July 2001http://tmm.trends.com 14714914/01/$ see front matter 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S14714914(01)020275293ReviewGeorge Cotsarelis*Dept of DermatologySarah E. MillarDepts of Dermatology andCell and DevelopmentalBiology University ofPennsylvania School ofMedicine M8 StellarChance Laboratories 422Curie Blvd PhiladelphiaPA 19104 USA.*email: cotsarel@mail.med.upenn.eduAlthough hair disorders are not life threatening theirprofound impact on social interactions and onpatientspsychological well being is undeniable.The demand for treatments for hair loss fuels amultibillion dollar industry. Despite this mostcurrently marketed products are ineffectiveevidenced by the fact that the FDA has approved onlytwo treatments for hair loss. Recently there have beendramatic advances in our understanding of themolecules and pathways regulating hair follicleformation and hair growth. Here we review thesefindings and discuss how they might stimulate thedevelopment of new effective therapies.Introduction to the hair follicleThe end product of hair follicle proliferation anddifferentiation is the hair shaft which together withits surrounding root sheaths is derived fromepithelial cells. The dermal papilla a cluster ofmesenchymal cells at the base of the follicle alsoplays an essential role in hair growth (Fig. 1). Inhumans the formation of hair follicles takes placeduring embryogenesis and no new hair follicles formafter birth. However the character of individualfollicles can change drastically over time. Thicker anddarker hairs replace fine lightly pigmented hairs inthe beard at puberty. Conversely thick scalp hairsconvert into fine small hairs later in life.Paradoxically both processes occur in response to thehormone testosterone.The hair follicle remodels itself during cyclicalperiods of growth (ANAGEN see Glosssary) regression(CATAGEN) rest ...

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