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Useful Things in the C Programming Environment

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Useful Things in the C Programming Environment. Remzi ArpaciDusseau. Introduction. This is a very brief document to familiarize you with the basics of the ...

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Useful Things in the C Programming EnvironmentPage 1Useful Things in the C Programming EnvironmentRemzi ArpaciDusseauIntroductionThis is a very brief document to familiarize you with the basics of the C programming environment onUNIXbased systems. It is not comprehensive or detailed but should just give you enough to get you going.A couple of general points of advice about programming: if you want to become an expert programmeryou need to master more than just the syntax of a language. Specifically you should know your tools knowyour libraries and know your documentation. The tools that are relevant to C and C++ compilation aregcc gdb and maybe ld. There are tons of library routines that are also available to you but fortunately alot of functionality is included in libc which is linked with all C and C++ programs by default all youneed to do is include the right header files. Finally knowing how to find the library routines you need (e.g.learning to find and read man pages) is a skill worth acquiring. Well talk about each of these in more detaillater on.Like (almost) everything worth doing in life becoming an expert in these domains takes time but theresult of spending the time upfront will definitely be well worth the effort.A Simple C ProgramWell start with a simple C program perhaps saved in the file hw.c. Unlike Java there is no connectionbetween the file name and the contents of the file; because of that just use your common sense in namingfiles./* header file specifies headers for routines *//* note that C comments are enclosed within a slashand a star and may wrap over lines */// if you use gcc two slashes will work too#include <stdio.h>/* main returns an integer */intmain(int argc char *argv]){/* printf is our output function; by default writes to standard out *//* printf returns an integer but since we ignore it here */printf(hello world );/* return 0 to indicate all went well */return(0);}1Page 2The first line specifies a file to include in this c ...

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